Krankenversicherungssystem

Ina Schleinitz - 22.02.2017 15:53

Welche Formen der Krankenversicherung gibt es in eurem Land? Ergeben sich daraus Unterschiede/Privilegien hinsichtlich der medizinischen Versorgung?

Gröβere Möglichkeiten als im Globalen Süden?

by Tomasz Cudak, VIII LO Kraków, Polen

         Mit Hilfe von ein paar Bildern, die im Internet http://demotywatory.pl/ herumlaufen und polnische Realität witzig, ironisch und wahr darstellen, möchte ich euch etwas über die medizinische Versorgung in Polen erzählen.

So war es, noch vor 10 Jahren. Nur entsprechendes Bestechungsgeld gab eine Chance, gut behandeln zu werden und zu genesen, obwohl die meisten Kliniken staatlich waren und die Krankenversicherung regelmäβig bezahlt wurde.

Schätzchen, halte durch, bis der Arzt das Geld zählt!

         Heute wird das Schmiergeld nicht mehr offiziell von den Ärzten genommen. Seit einigen Jahren wird die Korruption in diesem Bereich mit groβen Strafen bekämpft. Aber ...

         Wie das jetzt ist, zeigen zwei Bilder unten. Schon den Besuch bei einem Spezialisten muss man einige Monate früher „bestellen“. Aber woher soll man früher wissen, dass man bald erkrankt und die Beratung beim Facharzt notwendig wird? Auf alle chirurgischen Behandlungen und Operationen muss lange gewartet werden, sogar wenn diese als „dringend“ bezeichnet werden, um bessere Resultate zu haben und überhaupt zu überleben. Einige Monate Wartezeit ist eine gute Nachricht. Auf Kataraktoperation (Grauer Star) wartet man beispielweise zwei oder drei Jahre, unabhängig davon, in welchem Stadium die Krankheit ist. Nur im Fall, wenn der Patient nichts sieht, kann diese schon innerhalb zwei Wochen gemacht werden.

         Und was machen die verzweifelten Leute? Viele gehen privat zum Arzt, zu seinem Praxis, bezahlen viel Geld und plötzlich wird der frühere Termin im staatlichen Krankenhaus gefunden. Wer mehr Geld hat, entscheidet sich für eine private Operation im staatlichen Krankenhaus oder für eine private Klinik, die jetzt wie Pilze nach dem Regen auftauchen. Ähnlich ist auch mit den Privatpraxen der Fachärzte. Immer mehr entwickelt sich die Überzeugung der polnischen Gesellschaft, dass man nur privat gut behandelt werden kann.

  - Ich bezahle regelmäßig für den Nationalen Gesundheitsfonds und gebe immer eine Spende für das Weihnachtsorchester von Owsiak und auf die chirurgische Behandlung soll ich jetzt vier Jahre warten?

- Sie haben sich bei mir vor einem Jahr registriert. Gratuliere, dass Sie bis jetzt überlebt haben!

 

 

 

 

 

 

Zusammenfassend kann man feststellen, dass das polnische Krankenversicherungssystem seit Jahren nicht gut funktioniert, obwohl unsere Regierung viel gröβere Möglichkeiten hat, als die Regierungen in den Ländern des Globalen Südens, wo es an Ärzten, Krankenhäusern und Medikamenten fehlt, hat. Und wie ist es bei euch?

posted  07.03.2017 19:53

Medical Care in Sweden

by Sebastian Holm, VKS Växjö/Schweden

Access to medical care is essential and everyone should have it. Despite its importance there are actually more people around the world who do not have access to medical care than there are people who do. In this article I will account for the medical care in my home country Sweden.

The country where I am from is one of the best in the world regarding many aspects of life. Sweden has been able to build up a very strong economy, which has enabled the government of the country to demand high tax payments from all operative inhabitants. Consequently, the Swedish state has become quite wealthy. With this wealth, the government in Sweden has created a foundation of rights that apply to every citizen. In other words, they demand money from every working citizen in order to create a good standard among the people.

In conclusion, due to Sweden´s strong economy and compassionate political system the Swedish citizens have a comprehensive foundation to fall back on. This foundation obviously includes access to medical care. Below is a description of how the medical care system in Sweden functions.

Medical care in Sweden

Due to a wealthy state, the medical care in Sweden is largely tax-funded. Consequently, as a Swedish citizen you will only have to pay an insignificant amount of money for the medical care compared to the actual cost. Here are the general rules for medical care in Sweden:

If you are under 20 years old, medical care is for free. The same goes for citizens over 85 years. However, this does not apply to medical care that is very expensive, such as certain types of surgery and so on. When it comes to those forms of medical care there is another rule applied, called “high cost protection.” This basically means that you will never have to pay more than approximately 500 USD per year, depending on which region you live in.

To sum up, since the government finances a substantial part of the medical care costs every Swedish citizen is able to afford medical care.The costs of medical care cover 7.5 percent of Sweden’s GDP, which is a comparatively large number. That amount of money spent on medical care corresponds to a high standard. So, it is not just tremendously cheap to get medical care in Sweden, but you will also get high-quality care.

Sources: https://www.1177.se/Kronoberg/Regler-och-rattigheter/Patientavgifter/

posted 23.03.2017 21:43

Healthcare in Sweden

by Moa Wågesson, VKS Växjö/Sweden

Sweden has a largely decentralized, taxpayer-funded system that ensures everyone’s equal access to health care services. It also provides high-standard care, which reflects a persisting commitment by the major political parties. Similar to many other countries, Sweden faces many challenges, such as funding, effectiveness and the quality of its health-care services.

Sweden has three basic principles that are intended to be applied to medical- and health care:

• Equal worth
• Need and solidarity
• Cost-effectiveness

Equal worth means that every human being should be treated with dignity and have the same rights as everyone else. The principle of need and solidarity means that the people in most need of help will be given precedence in medical care. When there is an option between different treatments, there should be a balance between costs and the effects, which is the principle of cost-effectiveness.

The central government, county councils and municipalities in Sweden have a shared responsibility for health and medical care. The responsibility of county councils and municipalities is regulated by the Health and Medical Service Act. The local governments are given more exemption in this area and their duty is to establish principles, guidelines, and to set the political agenda for health and medical care. They do this through laws, authorizations and also by making agreements with the SALAR, which stands for the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions. These represent the county councils and municipalities.

In Sweden, the municipalities are responsible for the care of the elderly in homes or in certain accommodations. They are also obligated to give support and service for people that are released from the hospital and for school health care. Their responsibilities also include giving care to people with physical disabilities or psychological disorders.

The expenses for care

In 2012, the cost for health and medical care in the public sector was SEK 238 billion excluding dental care. This is the single largest expense for the government and the largest increase in costs is for primary care.

In Sweden, patient fees cover a small percentage of the costs for health and medical care. It is maximum SEK 100 per day for a hospital stay and for primary care it may vary between SEK 100 and SEK 250 depending on the county council. Health and medical care is free of charge in almost all regions for those who are under 20 years old. People that are older than 85 have free non-institutional care, which applies from January 1st 2017.  It is the county council and municipal taxes that cover the costs. Contributions from the national government are also a source of funding. In 2012, health and medical care represented 7.5 percent of Sweden's gross domestic product (GDP). These costs as a percentage are fairly stable and equal with most other European countries.

The Public Health Agency of Sweden

The Public Health Agency of Sweden is a professional authority that on a national level has a responsibility for public health. The agency works with activities that promote health, prevent illness and develop preparedness for health threats. Director-general Johan Carlson writes that the agency prioritizes the most important public health issues and aim to help remove existing barriers so that the entire population can benefit from good health.

Thanks to the good medical and health care, people live increasingly longer in Sweden. The average life span for women is now 83.7 years and for men it is 80.1 years. This could be the result of less fatalities from heart attacks and strokes. Sweden now has one of Europe's largest elderly populations thanks to the good care. 19.4 percent of the population was 65 or older in 2013. The number of children born in the country has, on the other hand, been increasing since the 1990s.

Sources:

https://www.1177.se/Kronoberg/Regler-och-rattigheter/Patientavgifter/

http://www.symbiocare.org/the-swedish-model-today/

https://sweden.se/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Healthcare-Low-Res.pdf

https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/the-public-health-agency-of-sweden/about-us/our-mission/

https://skl.se/

http://www.barnmorskeforbundet.se/english/

http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/10281842

posted 30.03.2017 21:42

Jonathan Nagy - 31.03.2017 13:59

In Schweden haben wir eine kostenlose medizinische Versorgung. Ab achtzehn Jahren soll man dafür bezahlen. Wenn jemand eine Krankenversicherung hat, ist die medizinische Versorgung kostenlos. In den Privatkliniken muss man Operation selbst bezahlen. Aber man muss in Schweden keine lange Zeit auf die Operationen warten. Im negativen Fall muss man zwei-drei Monate darauf warten.

In Ungarn zahlen alle in eine Krankenversicherung ein und die medizinische Versorgung ist kostenlos. Leider man muss in manchen Fällen dem Arzt Schmiergeld bezahlt werden, um schnell operiert und gut behandelt zu werden. Es gibt lange Wartelisten für einige chirurgische Operationen.

Jonathan Nagy - Schweden, Szimonetta Fakli- Ungarn, Klara Eliasson- Schweden