Hungarian text
Immigration waves between 1996-2005
- THE CHARACTERISTICS AND NATURE OF IMMIGRATION:
Between 1988 and 2002 altogether 295 thousand immigrants arrived in
Hungary. Looking at the countries of origin it turns out that 71% of the immigrants
came from neighbouring countries. This ratio was above 80%
between 1988 and 1990 (due to a huge inflow of refugees coming from Romania),
then it fell to the level of 50% in the mid90s. In 1998 it began to increase
again and in 2002 it reached the level of 75%. Beside the immigrants
coming from neighbouring countries Hungary has received a rather huge
number of immigrants coming from other European countries (EU and non-EU)
and from Asia (especially China). Immigrants coming from the American
and African continent have never been huge in number, adding up to a couple
of hundreds annually (their number reached 1,000 only in 1990).
Beside the dominance of immigrants coming from neighbouring countries
there is another speciality of immigration into Hungary. Notably the huge majority
of immigrants are of Hungarian origin. On the basis of empirical research
(Citizenship survey in 1995, and Immigrants survey in 2002) it seems that more
than 90% of immigrants coming from neighbouring countries – 75% of all
immigrants – have a Hungarian ethnic identity. An identical situation can be
observed with regard to foreign citizens obtaining labour permission. And among
the people gaining Hungarian citizenship the ratio of ethnic Hungarians is even
higher.
source: file:///C:/Users/Tanul%C3%B3/Downloads/259-592-1-PB.pdf
This visa or permission allows someone to have their family accompany them when immigrating to Hungary for another reason. For example, should someone have valid work permission for a company in Hungary, that person can then bring his or her direct family members with. This does not count for grandparents, unfortunately, but only spouses and children.
source: http://hngary.com/family-reunification-third-country-nationals/
- The Historical background:
From the beginning of the nineties Hungary from a migration point of view became partly from a transit to a recipient country. Between 1993 and 1999 altogether 62 638 people got
Hungarian citizenship. Big part of people immigrating on the turning of the 90 years
was not going via legal channels.
From the middle of the 90s the immigration slowly, but continuously is going on. The 4 most considerable migrants’ group originates from Romania, from former Yugoslavia, Ukraine and China.
source: http://www.solidalapok.hu/solid/sites/default/files/zarotanulmany_biztos_ut.pdf
