Immigration waves 1966-1975

 

1. Historical Background                                                                                                
   1. Political situation
   2. Cultural situation
   3. Science and Technology
2. Reasons for emigrating for their home countries
3. Reasons for immigration into Germany
4. Effects of the immigration wave

 

 

http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/history/migration/

Historical Background

 

The 60s and 70s were a time with a lot of changes and new ways of thinking.

 

Political situation

• Wars:

  • Vietnam War (1955-1975)

  • Portuguese Colonial War (1961-1974)

• Changes:

  • Prague Spring (1968)

  • Munich Massacre (Olympic Games Summer 1972)

  • ban on recruitments 1973

 

Cultural situation

• The Second Vatican Council (Pope John XXIII)

• Hippie-Movement

• Anti-War Movement

• Music: The Beatles

• Rock'n Roll

• New clothes (Bikini/Mini-skirt)

 

Science and Technology

• Apollo 11 (first human being lands on the moon) (1969)

• first space station „Skylab“ (1974)

• Arpanet, prototype of the Internet (1969)

• first heart transplantation (1967)

• face lifts (1970s)

 

 

Reasons for emigrating for their home country

 

• poverty

• famine

• persecusion

• discrimination

• (civil) war

• unemployment

• better jobs

• education

• better quality of life

• better working conditions

• religion

• forced migration

• conflicts (in the whole country/family)

• natural desasters, climate changes

• dictatorship

• disregard of the human rights

• high taxes

• radicalization

• bad government

 

Reasons for immigration into Germany

 

 

• recruitment agreement

  • Germany had recruitment agreements with Italy, Spain, Greece, Turkey, Morocco, Portugal, Tunisia, Yugoslavia
  • People came to Germany as guest workers and were supposed to stay just for a limited period of time
  • They mainly functioned as assembly-line workers

• family reunion

  • If they already had family members in Germany, they wanted to follow them

• protection from persecution

  • If they were persecuted in their home country, they sought protection in Germany
• protection from war in their home country​

• better government

• better education

• higher standard of living

• religious freedom

 

 

Effects of the immigration wave 1966-1975

 

• guest workers:

  • in the late 60s, the Italians were the biggest foreign group

  • at the beginning of the 70s, the Turkish people were the biggest foreign group

    → today about three million Turkish inhabitants live in Germany

  • if temporary stay was long → the families followed the guest workers → they settled in Germany

    → the number of immigrants rose

  • the population in Germany rose from 76,6 million to 78,67 million

  • integration (language, culture, way of life)

  • ban of recruitment (because of the oil crisis in 1973): the number of the immigrants decreased

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970s

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960s

 

https://www.embraceni.org/migration/why-do-people-migrate/

https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auswanderung

https://www.bpb.de/gesellschaft/migration

https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push-Pull-Modell_der_Migration

 

http://www.domid.org/de/migrationsgeschichte-deutschland

https://www.tatsachen-ueber-deutschland.de/de/rubriken/gesellschaft

http://www.bpb.de/politik/grundfragen/deutsche-verhaeltnisse-eine-sozialkunde/138012/geschichte-der-zuwanderung-nach-deutschland-nach-1950?p=all

 

http://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/wirtschaftspolitik/einwanderung-in-deutschland-folgen-kosten-nutzen-13359812.html

https://www.bpb.de/gesellschaft/migration/dossier-migration/56377/migrationspolitik-in-der-brd?p=all

http://www.bpb.de/internationales/europa/tuerkei/184981/gastarbeit

 

 

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