Christine De pizan writer and feminist was born in Italy and in 1405 attacked the misogynia and the inequality of rights between men and women.

Dante Alighieri or Dante (1265 – 1321), was an Italian poet. His Divine Commedy, is widely considered the most important poem of the Middle Ages and the greatest literary work in the Italian language.

Sir Isaac Newton

His work  Principia Mathematica (1687) laid the framework for the Scientific Revolution of the Seventeenth Century.

Artemisia Lomi or Artemisia Gentileschi,  1593 – c. 1656 an Italian Baroque painter, the first woman to become a member of the Accademia di Arte del Disegno in Florence and had an international clientele.

Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519)i,was an Italian polymath of the Renaissance whose areas of interest included invention, drawing, painting, sculpture, architecture, science, music, mathematics, engineering, literature, anatomy, geology, astronomy, botany, paleontology, and cartography. He has been variously called the father of palaeontology, ichnology, and architecture, and is widely considered one of the greatest painters of all time 

Before 1700

Elena Lucrezia Cornaro Piscopia (5 June 1646 – 26 July 1684), also known in English as Helen Cornaro, was a Venetian philosopher of noble descent who in 1678 became one of the first women to receive an academic degree from a university, and the first to receive a Doctor of Philosophy degree.

Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaulti de Galilei 1564 –1642) was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath, from Pisa. Galileo has been called the "father of observational astronomy",the "father of modern physics", the "father of the scientific method", and the "father of modern science".

1718

Maria Gaetana Agnesi 16 May 1718 – 9 January 1799) was an Italian mathematician, philosopher, theologian, and humanitarian. She was the first woman to write a mathematics handbook and the first woman appointed as a mathematics professor at a university.

George Washington (February 22, 1732^[b] – December 14, 1799) was an American political leader, military general, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797.

James Watt : steam engine

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756–5 December 1791) was one of the most influential, popular and prolific composers of the classical period. He composed over 600 works, including some of the most famous and loved pieces of symphonic, chamber, operatic, and choral music.

Jane Austen -ENGLISH NOVELIST

 1797 Austen completed the first version of Pride and Prejudice

Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta was an Italian physicist, chemist, and pioneer of electricity and power who is credited as the inventor of the electric battery and the discoverer of methane. He invented the Voltaic pile in 1799.

Antonio Meucci (1808 – 1889) invented  one of the first types of telephone.

1825

1844

Minna Canth (IPA [minna ka:nt], born Ulrika Wilhelmina Johnsson, 19 March 1844 – 12 May 1897) was a Finnish writer and social activist. Canth began to write while managing her family draper's shop and living as a widow raising seven children.

J Niepce : 1st photography

Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India. Known as the Victorian era, her reign of 63 years and seven months was longer than that of any of her predecessors. It was a period of industrial, cultural, political, scientific, and military change within the United Kingdom, and was marked by a great expansion of the British Empire.

Susan B. Anthony (February 15, 1820 – March 13, 1906) was an American social reformer and women's rights activist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement. Born into a Quaker family committed to social equality, she collected anti-slavery petitions at the age of 17. In 1856, she became the New York state agent for the American Anti-Slavery Society.

Nikola Tesla was a serbian-american inventor. He is best known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current(AC) electricity supply system.

Charles Darwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species

Carl Benz : first combustion engine

Abraham Lincoln    After a hard-fought, divisive campaign of 1860, Lincoln was elected the first Republican President of the United States.

Wright brothers : first flight on a plane

Salvador Dalí, painter. 1904, Catalonia

Neus Català i Pallejà, 6 October 195, Catalonia

Survivor of the II WW concetration camps

Maria Callas, Maria Anna Cecilia Sofia Kalogeropoulos, December 2, 1923, Manhattan, New York, United States, Greek soprano

Jane Morris Goodall, April 3, 1934, London, England

Montserrat Caballé, 1933. Opera singer. Catalonia

Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova is a Soviet retired cosmonaut.  She was the first woman to fly in space on 16 June 1963.

Nelson Mandela was the first black president of South Africa, elected after time in prison for his anti-apartheid work. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.