Encoding
Decoding

The process of transforming/Translating a message or information (can be a publicly known)

Encryption

The process of encoding messages or information in such a way that only authorized parties can read it

Decryption

The process of decoding messages or information in such a way that only authorized parties can read it

Cipher

An encoded/encrypted message

Algorithm

A step-by-step set of operations performed to solve a problem